1145
3 source records. Standards, editions and conditions are presented separately; matching grade names do not establish interchangeability.
Refer to each source for mass fractions and analysis type. Missing values are not treated as 0. Manufacturer typical values, standard guarantees and measured heat results must remain separate. Use the material selector for calculations and condition selection.
Open condition selection, comparison and carbon-equivalent tools for 1145 →1145 · ASTM A29/A29M-2012
Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results
- Material category
- Carbon steel
- Subcategory
- Carbon steel
- Material form
- Reference record
- Original record status
- Original standard verified
- Standard edition
- ASTM A29/A29M-2012
- Table / clause
- Table 1, footnotes A–G
- PDF page references
- 1、3、4
Carbon-equivalent reference
Estimates are presented separately for each applicable composition condition. Match the actual ordering conditions; ranges must not be combined.
Si not otherwise specified in the order; Table 1 does not specify Si, which is not treated as zero
IIW / CEV：0.5367–0.6567 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cr, Mo, V, Ni, Cu CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm（Ito–Bessyo）：0.4550–0.5400Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Si, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo, V, B Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET：0.4900–0.5900 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Mo, Cr, Cu, Ni CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.
Order explicitly adopts Si ≤0.1% under note B
IIW / CEV：0.5367–0.6567 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cr, Mo, V, Ni, Cu CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm（Ito–Bessyo）：0.4550–0.5433 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo, V, B Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET：0.4900–0.5900 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Mo, Cr, Cu, Ni CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.
Order explicitly adopts Si 0.1–0.2% under note B
IIW / CEV：0.5367–0.6567 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cr, Mo, V, Ni, Cu CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm（Ito–Bessyo）：0.4583–0.5467 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo, V, B Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET：0.4900–0.5900 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Mo, Cr, Cu, Ni CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.
Order explicitly adopts Si 0.15–0.35% under note B
IIW / CEV：0.5367–0.6567 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cr, Mo, V, Ni, Cu CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm（Ito–Bessyo）：0.4600–0.5517 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo, V, B Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET：0.4900–0.5900 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Mo, Cr, Cu, Ni CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.
Order explicitly adopts Si 0.2–0.4% under note B
IIW / CEV：0.5367–0.6567 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cr, Mo, V, Ni, Cu CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm（Ito–Bessyo）：0.4617–0.5533 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo, V, B Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET：0.4900–0.5900 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Mo, Cr, Cu, Ni CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.
Order explicitly adopts Si 0.3–0.6% under note B
IIW / CEV：0.5367–0.6567 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cr, Mo, V, Ni, Cu CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm（Ito–Bessyo）：0.4650–0.5600 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo, V, B Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET：0.4900–0.5900 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Mo, Cr, Cu, Ni CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.
Composition record (conditional branches apply; this is not an unconditional requirement)
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.49 |
| Mn | 0.7 ～ 1.0 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | 0.04 ～ 0.07 |
Applicability and limitations
2012 original text Table 1 heat analysis mass fraction wt%; The applicability and deviations of product analysis must be separately confirmed according to 4.3 and Table 5. Grades and product forms are retained as listed in this standard; suitability for cold heading is not automatically guaranteed. The Si listed in Note B is an option to be specified in the order; Unknown when unspecified, do not fill as zero. Note D only specifies Pb 0.15–0.35% for lead-bearing 'L' grades; Standard grades without 'L' shall not automatically include Pb. Note F: Additions of Bi/Ca/Se/Te are subject to agreement between the supplier and purchaser; do not enter zero when no value is specified..
Original condition-branch records
Si not otherwise specified in the order; Table 1 does not specify Si, which is not treated as zero
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.49 |
| Mn | 0.7 ～ 1.0 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | 0.04 ～ 0.07 |
Order explicitly adopts Si ≤0.1% under note B
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.49 |
| Mn | 0.7 ～ 1.0 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | 0.04 ～ 0.07 |
| Si | ≤ 0.1 (lower limit not stated) |
Order explicitly adopts Si 0.1–0.2% under note B
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.49 |
| Mn | 0.7 ～ 1.0 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | 0.04 ～ 0.07 |
| Si | 0.1 ～ 0.2 |
Order explicitly adopts Si 0.15–0.35% under note B
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.49 |
| Mn | 0.7 ～ 1.0 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | 0.04 ～ 0.07 |
| Si | 0.15 ～ 0.35 |
Order explicitly adopts Si 0.2–0.4% under note B
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.49 |
| Mn | 0.7 ～ 1.0 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | 0.04 ～ 0.07 |
| Si | 0.2 ～ 0.4 |
Order explicitly adopts Si 0.3–0.6% under note B
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.49 |
| Mn | 0.7 ～ 1.0 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | 0.04 ～ 0.07 |
| Si | 0.3 ～ 0.6 |
A condition branch must be selected
YesVerification notes
The 2012 Table 1 and footnotes have been checked; order-specific optional compositions and base-table limits remain separate.1145 · GB/T 3190—1996
Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results
- Material category
- Aluminum and aluminum alloys
- Subcategory
- Aluminum and aluminum alloys
- Material form
- Reference record
- Original record status
- Original-standard record
- Standard edition
- GB/T 3190—1996
- Table / clause
- Table 1; Clause 4.1～4.5 · Footnotes
- PDF page references
- 3、5、13
Carbon-equivalent reference
IIW / CEV: not directly applicable to this material category
Pcm (Ito–Bessyo): not directly applicable to this material category
CET: not directly applicable to this material category
Composition
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| Cu | ≤ 0.05 (lower limit not stated) |
| Mn | ≤ 0.05 (lower limit not stated) |
| Mg | ≤ 0.05 (lower limit not stated) |
| Zn | ≤ 0.05 (lower limit not stated) |
| Ti | ≤ 0.03 (lower limit not stated) |
| Al | ≥ 99.45 (upper limit not stated) |
| V | ≤ 0.05 (lower limit not stated) |
Applicability and limitations
GB/T 3190—1996, Table 1, mass percent; Unspecified elements are not treated as zero. ; This standard covers chemical composition of wrought aluminum and aluminum alloys; This does not establish cold-heading suitability, actual supply or finished-product properties. ; Al is listed as a minimum content; Aluminum content is calculated by difference under Clause 4.1/4.2, using the specified inclusion thresholds and precision; unmeasured elements must not be treated as zero. ; Individual and combined limits for other impurities concern only the other elements defined in Clause 4.3 of the standard, not the sum of all principal alloying elements; Missing impurity test results must not be treated as zero.
Combined limits
- Combined-element limits
- Requirement
- Si+Fe (GB/T 3190—1996, Table 1)
- Element coefficient
- Si
- 1
- Fe
- 1
- Lower limit
- Not stated
- Upper limit
- 0.55
- Elements requiring measured values from the same heat
- Fe
- Si
- Purity calculation rules in the source
- PDF page references
- 3
- Purity from 99.00% to below 99.90%
- Al = 100 minus the sum of all other elements present at ≥0.010%; before summing, express each element to 0.0X%.
- Purity from 99.90% to 99.99%
- Al = 100 minus the sum of all other elements present at ≥0.001%; before summing, express each element to 0.00X%, then round the result to 0.0X%.
- Rounding rules
- Follow GB/T 8170; do not treat unspecified elements as zero or apply ordinary remainder calculations directly.
- Purity requires technical review
- Yes
- Other-impurity requirements in the source
- Each other impurity
- 0.03
- Other impurities require technical review
- Yes
1145 · ASTM A29/A29M-2023
Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results
- Material category
- Carbon steel
- Subcategory
- Carbon steel
- Material form
- Reference record
- Original record status
- Original standard verified
- Standard edition
- ASTM A29/A29M-2023
- Table / clause
- Table 1, footnotes A–G
- PDF page references
- 4
- Unit
- Mass fraction (wt%)
- Analysis type
- Heat analysis (composition ranges and limits in the original table)
Carbon-equivalent reference
Estimates are presented separately for each applicable composition condition. Match the actual ordering conditions; ranges must not be combined.
Si not otherwise specified in the order; Table 1 does not specify Si, which is not treated as zero
IIW / CEV：0.5367–0.6567 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cr, Mo, V, Ni, Cu CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm（Ito–Bessyo）：0.4550–0.5400Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Si, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo, V, B Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET：0.4900–0.5900 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Mo, Cr, Cu, Ni CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.
Order explicitly adopts Si ≤0.1% under Table 1 note B
IIW / CEV：0.5367–0.6567 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cr, Mo, V, Ni, Cu CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm（Ito–Bessyo）：0.4550–0.5433 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo, V, B Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET：0.4900–0.5900 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Mo, Cr, Cu, Ni CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.
Order explicitly adopts Si 0.1–0.2% under Table 1 note B
IIW / CEV：0.5367–0.6567 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cr, Mo, V, Ni, Cu CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm（Ito–Bessyo）：0.4583–0.5467 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo, V, B Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET：0.4900–0.5900 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Mo, Cr, Cu, Ni CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.
Order explicitly adopts Si 0.15–0.35% under Table 1 note B
IIW / CEV：0.5367–0.6567 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cr, Mo, V, Ni, Cu CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm（Ito–Bessyo）：0.4600–0.5517 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo, V, B Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET：0.4900–0.5900 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Mo, Cr, Cu, Ni CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.
Order explicitly adopts Si 0.2–0.4% under Table 1 note B
IIW / CEV：0.5367–0.6567 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cr, Mo, V, Ni, Cu CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm（Ito–Bessyo）：0.4617–0.5533 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo, V, B Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET：0.4900–0.5900 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Mo, Cr, Cu, Ni CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.
Order explicitly adopts Si 0.3–0.6% under Table 1 note B
IIW / CEV：0.5367–0.6567 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cr, Mo, V, Ni, Cu CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm（Ito–Bessyo）：0.4650–0.5600 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo, V, B Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET：0.4900–0.5900 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Mo, Cr, Cu, Ni CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.
Composition record (conditional branches apply; this is not an unconditional requirement)
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.49 |
| Mn | 0.7 ～ 1.0 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | 0.04 ～ 0.07 |
Applicability and limitations
Original ASTM A29/A29M-2023, Table 1: the basic table gives heat-analysis mass fractions wt%; Product-analysis tolerances require separate confirmation under 4.3 and Table 5 and are not added to heat-analysis limits. When 4.1.1 is ordered by a grade in this table, the corresponding heat-analysis limits must be met; Other ordered compositions require separate agreement under 4.1.2 and Table 3/4 and are not merged into this table. General requirements for hot-worked bars; chemistry alone does not establish cold-heading suitability, supply or mechanical properties. The Si ranges in note B are common options when required by the order; Default Si is unspecified; neither a universal Si range nor zero may be assumed. Note D: Pb for leaded steel is 0.15–0.35%; L must remain part of the grade identity and is not included in ordinary grades; If lead is added in the ladle stream, its cast or heat-analysis content cannot be determined. Note F: Bi/Ca/Se/Te is specified by purchaser-supplier agreement; Unspecified numerical values are not entered as zero. The 4.3.2 product-analysis tolerance restrictions for P and S do not apply to resulfurized or rephosphorized/resulfurized steels; Product-analysis tolerances are not added to heat-analysis limits.
Original condition-branch records
Si not otherwise specified in the order; Table 1 does not specify Si, which is not treated as zero
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.49 |
| Mn | 0.7 ～ 1.0 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | 0.04 ～ 0.07 |
Order explicitly adopts Si ≤0.1% under Table 1 note B
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.49 |
| Mn | 0.7 ～ 1.0 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | 0.04 ～ 0.07 |
| Si | ≤ 0.1 (lower limit not stated) |
Order explicitly adopts Si 0.1–0.2% under Table 1 note B
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.49 |
| Mn | 0.7 ～ 1.0 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | 0.04 ～ 0.07 |
| Si | 0.1 ～ 0.2 |
Order explicitly adopts Si 0.15–0.35% under Table 1 note B
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.49 |
| Mn | 0.7 ～ 1.0 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | 0.04 ～ 0.07 |
| Si | 0.15 ～ 0.35 |
Order explicitly adopts Si 0.2–0.4% under Table 1 note B
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.49 |
| Mn | 0.7 ～ 1.0 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | 0.04 ～ 0.07 |
| Si | 0.2 ～ 0.4 |
Order explicitly adopts Si 0.3–0.6% under Table 1 note B
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.49 |
| Mn | 0.7 ～ 1.0 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | 0.04 ～ 0.07 |
| Si | 0.3 ～ 0.6 |