20CR4

12 source records. Standards, editions and conditions are presented separately; matching grade names do not establish interchangeability.

Refer to each source for mass fractions and analysis type. Missing values are not treated as 0. Manufacturer typical values, standard guarantees and measured heat results must remain separate. Use the material selector for calculations and condition selection.

Open condition selection, comparison and carbon-equivalent tools for 20CR4 →

Reference summary and sources

20Cr4 material reference: 12 source records. Composition, standard editions, conditions and verification status are shown separately. Matching grade names do not establish interchangeability; missing values are not treated as zero.

This page is a material-selection reference, not a material certificate or supply guarantee. Mass fractions, analysis types and limitations are stated separately for each source. Material whose original source has not been verified is not treated as a standard guarantee.

View all 12 source records

20Cr4 · ISO 4954
20Cr4 · ISO 4954-2018
20Cr4 · ISO 683-17-2014
20Cr4 · ISO 4954-1-2024
20Cr4 · DIN EN ISO 683-17-2015
20Cr4 · ISO 683-18-1996
20Cr4 · ISO 683-18-2014
20Cr4 · ASTM A534-2014
20Cr4 · DIN 17210-1986
20Cr4 · EN 10277-2018
20Cr4 · JIS G 7105-2000
20Cr4 · DIN EN 10277:2018-09

20Cr4 · ISO 4954

Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results

Material form: Cold-heading wire
Original record status: Source edition identified; composition verification pending
Standard edition: ISO 4954:2018
Table / clause: Table B.2

Carbon-equivalent reference

IIW / CEV：0.4500–0.6367Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, V, Ni CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.

Pcm（Ito–Bessyo）：0.2450–0.3575Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Ni, Mo, V, B Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.

CET：0.2750–0.3925Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, Ni CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.

Composition

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Si	≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated)
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2
Cu	≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated)

Applicability and limitations

Composition based on ISO 4954:2018; the product edition is unspecified, so confirm the edition applicable to the contract.

Composition conditions

ISO 4954:2018 Table B.2 specifies heat analysis; a single value is an upper limit, and a dash is not zero.
Product-analysis tolerances are listed separately under Table 2/3 of the standard and do not directly widen the heat-analysis composition ranges.
Optional Al0.020–0.050% to improve cold-heading performance; this is not a universal mandatory minimum.
Low Si may be agreed in the order, taking hardenability into account; Where hardenability is required, the standard permits limited deviations, except for P/S; C must not exceed 0.01%; see Table 2 for the other requirements.

Verification notes

Composition based on ISO 4954:2018; the product edition is unspecified, so confirm the edition applicable to the contract.View associated products →

20Cr4 · ISO 4954-2018

Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results

Material category: Alloy steel
Subcategory: Case-hardening steel
Material form: Reference record
Original record status: Original standard verified
Standard edition: ISO 4954:2018
Table / clause: Table B.2

Carbon-equivalent reference

Composition

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Si	≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated)
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2
Cu	≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated)

Applicability and limitations

ISO 4954:2018, Table B.2 gives heat analysis; A single value is a maximum; a dash is not zero. ; Product-analysis tolerances are listed separately under Table 2/3 of the standard and do not directly widen the heat-analysis composition ranges. ; Optional Al0.020–0.050% to improve cold-heading performance; this is not a universal mandatory minimum. ; Low Si may be agreed in the order, taking hardenability into account; Where hardenability is required, the standard permits limited deviations, except for P/S; C must not exceed 0.01%; see Table 2 for the other requirements.

Verification notes

Original standard Table B.2 and footnotes verified

20Cr4 · ISO 683-17-2014

Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results

Material category: Bearing steel
Subcategory: Bearing steel
Material form: Reference record
Composition basis: Standard heat-analysis composition
Original record status: Original standard verified
Standard edition: ISO 683-17-2014
Table / clause: Table 3 and footnotes a–k
PDF page references: 14、16
Unit: mass fraction (wt%)
Analysis type: Heat analysis; oxygen analysis is separately subject to the manufacturer’s choice

Carbon-equivalent reference

Estimates are presented separately for each applicable composition condition. Match the actual ordering conditions; ranges must not be combined.

Default heat-analysis composition in the original table; Manufacturer option: oxygen in heat analysis ≤0.002%

Applicability of the three welding carbon-equivalent formulas has not been confirmed individually for each bearing-steel group. Only composition is shown; no carbon equivalent from standard ranges is automatically provided.

Default heat-analysis composition in the original table; Machinability by agreement: S≤0.030%; Manufacturer option: oxygen in heat analysis ≤0.002%

Default heat-analysis composition in the original table; Manufacturer option: oxygen in product analysis ≤0.002%; not for judging heat-analysis oxygen

Default heat-analysis composition in the original table; Machinability by agreement: S≤0.030%; Manufacturer option: oxygen in product analysis ≤0.002%; not for judging heat-analysis oxygen

Composition record (conditional branches apply; this is not an unconditional requirement)

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Si	≤ 0.4 (lower limit not stated)
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.015 (lower limit not stated)
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2
Al	≤ 0.05 (lower limit not stated)
Cu	≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated)

Applicability and limitations

ISO 683-17:2014 Table 3 and footnotes checked against the original; Table 3 specifies heat analysis, mass fraction wt%; unspecified elements are not treated as zero. Product-analysis deviations are addressed separately in Table 4 and do not expand the default heat-analysis limits.

Composition conditions

Original Table 3: ladle analysis, mass fraction wt%; unspecified elements are not treated as zero. Product analysis tolerances are specified separately in Table 4 and do not widen the default ladle-analysis limits.
Elements not listed shall not be intentionally added without the purchaser’s agreement, except as needed to complete steelmaking.
Footnote b: small deviations in heat analysis are permitted only for grades with hardenability requirements, excluding P/S. The deviation in C must not exceed ±0.01%, and deviations for other elements must not exceed Table 4. Default heat-analysis limits are not automatically widened.
Classification as bearing steel does not guarantee suitability for cold heading, mechanical properties, or supply.
Footnote f: Deoxidation or inclusion control using Ca or a Ca alloy requires the purchaser’s explicit approval. Footnote h: The maximum Ti content must be agreed by inquiry; no unlisted value is invented.
Footnote g: the manufacturer may choose heat or product analysis for oxygen. Retain the product-oxygen requirement separately; do not treat a product-analysis value as a heat-analysis value.
Only this row marked “e” in the table: where machinability is the priority, S ≤ 0.030% may be agreed; otherwise the default applies.
Applicability of the three welding carbon-equivalent formulas has not been confirmed individually for each bearing-steel group. Only composition is shown; no carbon equivalent from standard ranges is automatically provided.

Conditional requirement

Footnote
Original-table condition 1
Source conditions
Original Table 3: ladle analysis, mass fraction wt%; unspecified elements are not treated as zero. Product analysis tolerances are specified separately in Table 4 and do not widen the default ladle-analysis limits.
Footnote
Original-table condition 2
Source conditions
Elements not listed shall not be intentionally added without the purchaser’s agreement, except as needed to complete steelmaking.
Footnote
Original-table condition 3
Source conditions
Footnote b: small deviations in heat analysis are permitted only for grades with hardenability requirements, excluding P/S. The deviation in C must not exceed ±0.01%, and deviations for other elements must not exceed Table 4. Default heat-analysis limits are not automatically widened.
Footnote
Original-table condition 4
Source conditions
Classification as bearing steel does not guarantee suitability for cold heading, mechanical properties, or supply.
Footnote
Original-table condition 5
Source conditions
Footnote f: Deoxidation or inclusion control using Ca or a Ca alloy requires the purchaser’s explicit approval. Footnote h: The maximum Ti content must be agreed by inquiry; no unlisted value is invented.
Footnote
Original-table condition 6
Source conditions
Footnote g: the manufacturer may choose heat or product analysis for oxygen. Retain the product-oxygen requirement separately; do not treat a product-analysis value as a heat-analysis value.
Footnote
Original-table condition 7
Source conditions
Only this row marked “e” in the table: where machinability is the priority, S ≤ 0.030% may be agreed; otherwise the default applies.
Footnote
Original-table condition 8
Source conditions
Applicability of the three welding carbon-equivalent formulas has not been confirmed individually for each bearing-steel group. Only composition is shown; no carbon equivalent from standard ranges is automatically provided.

Original condition-branch records

Default heat-analysis composition in the original table; Manufacturer option: oxygen in heat analysis ≤0.002%

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Si	≤ 0.4 (lower limit not stated)
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.015 (lower limit not stated)
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2
Al	≤ 0.05 (lower limit not stated)
Cu	≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated)
O	≤ 0.002 (lower limit not stated)

Oxygen-analysis conditions: Heat analysis

Default heat-analysis composition in the original table; Machinability by agreement: S≤0.030%; Manufacturer option: oxygen in heat analysis ≤0.002%

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Si	≤ 0.4 (lower limit not stated)
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.03 (lower limit not stated)
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2
Al	≤ 0.05 (lower limit not stated)
Cu	≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated)
O	≤ 0.002 (lower limit not stated)

Oxygen-analysis conditions: Heat analysis

Default heat-analysis composition in the original table; Manufacturer option: oxygen in product analysis ≤0.002%; not for judging heat-analysis oxygen

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Si	≤ 0.4 (lower limit not stated)
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.015 (lower limit not stated)
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2
Al	≤ 0.05 (lower limit not stated)
Cu	≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated)

Oxygen-analysis conditions

Product analysis

Separate product oxygen-analysis requirement

Element: O
Upper limit: 0.002
Unit: wt%
Analysis type: Product analysis

Default heat-analysis composition in the original table; Machinability by agreement: S≤0.030%; Manufacturer option: oxygen in product analysis ≤0.002%; not for judging heat-analysis oxygen

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Si	≤ 0.4 (lower limit not stated)
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.03 (lower limit not stated)
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2
Al	≤ 0.05 (lower limit not stated)
Cu	≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated)

Oxygen-analysis conditions

Product analysis

Separate product oxygen-analysis requirement

Element: O
Upper limit: 0.002
Unit: wt%
Analysis type: Product analysis

A condition branch must be selected

Yes

Verification notes

This batch was reconciled against the 2015 DIN German original images and 2014 ISO English original images; edition-specific sources were kept separate, and outdated grades, values and footnote scopes were corrected.

20Cr4 · ISO 4954-1-2024

Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results

Material form: Reference record
Original record status: Original standard verified
Standard edition: ISO 4954-1-2024
Table / clause: Table B.2 and notes a–d

Carbon-equivalent reference

Estimates are presented separately for each applicable composition condition. Match the actual ordering conditions; ranges must not be combined.

Default heat composition in Table B.2

Uses an addition of Al intended to improve cold-heading performance, Al≤0.050%

Composition record (conditional branches apply; this is not an unconditional requirement)

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Si	≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated)
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
Cu	≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated)
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2

Applicability and limitations

Mass fraction wt%; Table B.2 heat analysis; see Table 2 separately for product-analysis tolerances. ; Note a: Al≤0.050% may be added to improve cold heading, but is not mandatory by default. ; Note c: A lower Si or a specified Si range may be requested by agreement; specific agreements have not yet been provided and shall not be filled in arbitrarily. ; When hardenability requirements exist, the small deviations permitted in Table B.6/B.7 must be verified separately according to Table 2 and conditions; the default composition range shall not be expanded. ; Elements not listed must not be intentionally added without purchaser consent, except additions needed to finish steelmaking; Unspecified values are not treated as zero. ; Mechanical properties/hardenability have not been supplemented in this batch; Cold heading applicability must be determined in conjunction with dimensions, state, and technical conditions.

Original condition-branch records

Default heat composition in Table B.2

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Si	≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated)
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
Cu	≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated)
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2

Uses an addition of Al intended to improve cold-heading performance, Al≤0.050%

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Si	≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated)
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
Cu	≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated)
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2
Al	≤ 0.05 (lower limit not stated)

A condition branch must be selected

Yes

Verification notes

The original English text of 2024, Table B.2 and footnotes have been checked

20Cr4 · DIN EN ISO 683-17-2015

Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results

Material category: Bearing steel
Subcategory: Bearing steel
Material form: Reference record
Composition basis: Standard heat-analysis composition
Original record status: Original standard verified
Standard edition: DIN EN ISO 683-17:2015-02
Table / clause: Table 3 and footnotes a–k
PDF page references: 18、19
Unit: mass fraction (wt%)
Analysis type: Heat analysis; oxygen analysis is separately subject to the manufacturer’s choice

Carbon-equivalent reference

Estimates are presented separately for each applicable composition condition. Match the actual ordering conditions; ranges must not be combined.

Default heat-analysis composition in the original table; Manufacturer option: oxygen in heat analysis ≤0.002%

Default heat-analysis composition in the original table; Machinability by agreement: S≤0.030%; Manufacturer option: oxygen in heat analysis ≤0.002%

Default heat-analysis composition in the original table; Manufacturer option: oxygen in product analysis ≤0.002%; not for judging heat-analysis oxygen

Default heat-analysis composition in the original table; Machinability by agreement: S≤0.030%; Manufacturer option: oxygen in product analysis ≤0.002%; not for judging heat-analysis oxygen

Composition record (conditional branches apply; this is not an unconditional requirement)

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Si	≤ 0.4 (lower limit not stated)
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.015 (lower limit not stated)
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2
Al	≤ 0.05 (lower limit not stated)
Cu	≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated)

Applicability and limitations

DIN EN ISO 683-17:2015-02 Table 3 and footnotes checked against the original; the original Table 3 specifies heat analysis, mass fraction wt%; unspecified elements are not treated as zero. Product-analysis deviations are addressed separately in Table 4 and do not expand the default heat-analysis limits.

Composition conditions

Original Table 3: ladle analysis, mass fraction wt%; unspecified elements are not treated as zero. Product analysis tolerances are specified separately in Table 4 and do not widen the default ladle-analysis limits.
Elements not listed shall not be intentionally added without the purchaser’s agreement, except as needed to complete steelmaking.
Footnote b: small deviations in heat analysis are permitted only for grades with hardenability requirements, excluding P/S. The deviation in C must not exceed ±0.01%, and deviations for other elements must not exceed Table 4. Default heat-analysis limits are not automatically widened.
Classification as bearing steel does not guarantee suitability for cold heading, mechanical properties, or supply.
Footnote f: Deoxidation or inclusion control using Ca or a Ca alloy requires the purchaser’s explicit approval. Footnote h: The maximum Ti content must be agreed by inquiry; no unlisted value is invented.
Footnote g: the manufacturer may choose heat or product analysis for oxygen. Retain the product-oxygen requirement separately; do not treat a product-analysis value as a heat-analysis value.
Only this row marked “e” in the table: where machinability is the priority, S ≤ 0.030% may be agreed; otherwise the default applies.
Applicability of the three welding carbon-equivalent formulas has not been confirmed individually for each bearing-steel group. Only composition is shown; no carbon equivalent from standard ranges is automatically provided.

Conditional requirement

Footnote
Original-table condition 1
Source conditions
Original Table 3: ladle analysis, mass fraction wt%; unspecified elements are not treated as zero. Product analysis tolerances are specified separately in Table 4 and do not widen the default ladle-analysis limits.
Footnote
Original-table condition 2
Source conditions
Elements not listed shall not be intentionally added without the purchaser’s agreement, except as needed to complete steelmaking.
Footnote
Original-table condition 3
Source conditions
Footnote b: small deviations in heat analysis are permitted only for grades with hardenability requirements, excluding P/S. The deviation in C must not exceed ±0.01%, and deviations for other elements must not exceed Table 4. Default heat-analysis limits are not automatically widened.
Footnote
Original-table condition 4
Source conditions
Classification as bearing steel does not guarantee suitability for cold heading, mechanical properties, or supply.
Footnote
Original-table condition 5
Source conditions
Footnote f: Deoxidation or inclusion control using Ca or a Ca alloy requires the purchaser’s explicit approval. Footnote h: The maximum Ti content must be agreed by inquiry; no unlisted value is invented.
Footnote
Original-table condition 6
Source conditions
Footnote g: the manufacturer may choose heat or product analysis for oxygen. Retain the product-oxygen requirement separately; do not treat a product-analysis value as a heat-analysis value.
Footnote
Original-table condition 7
Source conditions
Only this row marked “e” in the table: where machinability is the priority, S ≤ 0.030% may be agreed; otherwise the default applies.
Footnote
Original-table condition 8
Source conditions
Applicability of the three welding carbon-equivalent formulas has not been confirmed individually for each bearing-steel group. Only composition is shown; no carbon equivalent from standard ranges is automatically provided.

Original condition-branch records

Default heat-analysis composition in the original table; Manufacturer option: oxygen in heat analysis ≤0.002%

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Si	≤ 0.4 (lower limit not stated)
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.015 (lower limit not stated)
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2
Al	≤ 0.05 (lower limit not stated)
Cu	≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated)
O	≤ 0.002 (lower limit not stated)

Oxygen-analysis conditions: Heat analysis

Default heat-analysis composition in the original table; Machinability by agreement: S≤0.030%; Manufacturer option: oxygen in heat analysis ≤0.002%

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Si	≤ 0.4 (lower limit not stated)
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.03 (lower limit not stated)
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2
Al	≤ 0.05 (lower limit not stated)
Cu	≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated)
O	≤ 0.002 (lower limit not stated)

Oxygen-analysis conditions: Heat analysis

Default heat-analysis composition in the original table; Manufacturer option: oxygen in product analysis ≤0.002%; not for judging heat-analysis oxygen

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Si	≤ 0.4 (lower limit not stated)
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.015 (lower limit not stated)
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2
Al	≤ 0.05 (lower limit not stated)
Cu	≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated)

Oxygen-analysis conditions

Product analysis

Separate product oxygen-analysis requirement

Element: O
Upper limit: 0.002
Unit: wt%
Analysis type: Product analysis

Default heat-analysis composition in the original table; Machinability by agreement: S≤0.030%; Manufacturer option: oxygen in product analysis ≤0.002%; not for judging heat-analysis oxygen

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Si	≤ 0.4 (lower limit not stated)
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.03 (lower limit not stated)
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2
Al	≤ 0.05 (lower limit not stated)
Cu	≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated)

Oxygen-analysis conditions

Product analysis

Separate product oxygen-analysis requirement

Element: O
Upper limit: 0.002
Unit: wt%
Analysis type: Product analysis

A condition branch must be selected

Yes

Verification notes

20Cr4 · ISO 683-18-1996

Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results

Material category: Alloy steel
Subcategory: Case-hardening steel
Material form: Reference record
Original record status: Original standard verified
Standard edition: ISO 683-18-1996
Table / clause: Table3 and footnote 1–5; 7.2.2.1–7.2.2.2
PDF page references: 6、11、12、13

Source document

Carbon-equivalent reference

IIW / CEV：0.4500–0.6200Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, V, Ni, Cu CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.

Pcm（Ito–Bessyo）：0.2500–0.3483Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Cu, Ni, Mo, V, B Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.

CET：0.2750–0.3800Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, Cu, Ni CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.

Composition

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Si	0.15 ～ 0.4
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated)
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2

Applicability and limitations

ISO 683-18:1996 Bright non-alloy and low-alloy steel products, Table 3 Heat analysis of carburizing steels, mass fraction wt%; This is not a composition confirmation of the 2014 edition. ; This source is a 13-page public excerpt from the official version; complete composition rows and 5 footnotes from Table 3 have been obtained.; Without Table 4 product-analysis tolerances, Tables 7/8 hardenability data and Chapter 8 compositions of steels for quenching and tempering, verification of the entire standard must not be claimed complete.. ; Currently displaying the range for common grades in Table 3. When hardenability requirements are specified, Footnote 1 allows limited deviations except for P/S, with C not exceeding ±0.01% and other elements subject to Table 4; The absence of Table 4 shall not automatically relax ranges, nor shall it be used for the acceptance of H grades. ; Machinability may be improved by adding lead or controlling sulfide shape upon request; Where lead values are not specified, they shall not be filled as zero or assigned an arbitrary range. ; For other carburizing steels, see ISO 683-11:1987; Different suffix names in the 2014 edition shall not be automatically regarded as the same grade in the 1996 edition. ; A lower Si may be agreed upon during inquiry and ordering, provided the impact on mechanical properties is considered; The base ranges in Table 3 are currently used; do not remove the Si lower limit arbitrarily.. ; Elements not listed in the table must not be assumed to have zero content.; Unlisted elements shall not be intentionally added without the buyer's consent (except additions needed to finish steelmaking), and elements affecting properties introduced via scrap steel etc. shall be prevented. ; Clause 7.2.2.1 stipulates that Table 3 is used for heat analysis; Product-analysis tolerances are given in Table 4, which has not been obtained.. Clause 5.1.2 requires killed steel. Carbide spheroidizing annealing conditions required for cold-heading/cold-extrusion are covered separately by ISO 4954; cold-heading applicability cannot be determined solely by composition.

Verification notes

All rows, merged cells and footnotes in the publicly available official-edition excerpt, Table 3 were visually checked item by item; Only ordinary-grade heat composition has been confirmed

20Cr4 · ISO 683-18-2014

Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results

Material category: Alloy steel
Subcategory: Case-hardening steel
Material form: Reference record
Original record status: Original text of the historical edition verified
Standard edition: ISO 683-18-1996
Table / clause: Table3 and footnote 1–5; 7.2.2.1–7.2.2.2
PDF page references: 6、11、12、13

Source document

Carbon-equivalent reference

Composition

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Si	0.15 ～ 0.4
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated)
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2

Applicability and limitations

The basis for actual chemical composition is ISO 683-18—1996; The 2014 edition indicated on the webpage has not been verified; do not confirm that the compositions of the two editions are identical based on this. ISO 683-18:1996 Bright non-alloy and low-alloy steel products, Table 3 Heat analysis of carburizing steels, mass fraction wt%; This is not a composition confirmation of the 2014 edition. ; This source is a 13-page public excerpt from the official version; complete composition rows and 5 footnotes from Table 3 have been obtained.; Without Table 4 product-analysis tolerances, Tables 7/8 hardenability data and Chapter 8 compositions of steels for quenching and tempering, verification of the entire standard must not be claimed complete.. ; Currently displaying the range for common grades in Table 3. When hardenability requirements are specified, Footnote 1 allows limited deviations except for P/S, with C not exceeding ±0.01% and other elements subject to Table 4; The absence of Table 4 shall not automatically relax ranges, nor shall it be used for the acceptance of H grades. ; Machinability may be improved by adding lead or controlling sulfide shape upon request; Where lead values are not specified, they shall not be filled as zero or assigned an arbitrary range. ; For other carburizing steels, see ISO 683-11:1987; Different suffix names in the 2014 edition shall not be automatically regarded as the same grade in the 1996 edition. ; A lower Si may be agreed upon during inquiry and ordering, provided the impact on mechanical properties is considered; The base ranges in Table 3 are currently used; do not remove the Si lower limit arbitrarily.. ; Elements not listed in the table must not be assumed to have zero content.; Unlisted elements shall not be intentionally added without the buyer's consent (except additions needed to finish steelmaking), and elements affecting properties introduced via scrap steel etc. shall be prevented. ; Clause 7.2.2.1 stipulates that Table 3 is used for heat analysis; Product-analysis tolerances are given in Table 4, which has not been obtained.. Clause 5.1.2 requires killed steel. Carbide spheroidizing annealing conditions required for cold-heading/cold-extrusion are covered separately by ISO 4954; cold-heading applicability cannot be determined solely by composition.

Verification notes

Verified heat composition and footnotes in ISO 683-18—1996, Table 3 are used; Edition 2014 has not been verified

20Cr4 · ASTM A534-2014

Original-source verification is incomplete; this is not a formal standard reference

Material category: Alloy steel
Subcategory: Alloy steel
Material form: Reference record
Verification status: Reference data; original source not verified

Carbon-equivalent reference

IIW / CEV: composition source not verified; standard-range carbon equivalent is not calculated

Pcm (Ito–Bessyo): composition source not verified; standard-range carbon equivalent is not calculated

CET: composition source not verified; standard-range carbon equivalent is not calculated

Composition

Element	Composition requirement
Al	≤ 0.05 (lower limit not stated)
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2
Cu	≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated)
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
O	≤ 0.002 (lower limit not stated)
P	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.015 (lower limit not stated)
Si	≤ 0.4 (lower limit not stated)

Applicability and limitations

A match in the materials database does not establish suitability for cold heading or guarantee finished-product strength. Confirmation must consider wire condition, deformation, heat treatment and tests on actual parts.

20Cr4 · DIN 17210-1986

Original-source verification is incomplete; this is not a formal standard reference

Material category: Alloy steel
Subcategory: Alloy steel
Material form: Reference record
Verification status: Reference data; original source not verified

Carbon-equivalent reference

IIW / CEV: composition source not verified; standard-range carbon equivalent is not calculated

Pcm (Ito–Bessyo): composition source not verified; standard-range carbon equivalent is not calculated

CET: composition source not verified; standard-range carbon equivalent is not calculated

Composition

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated)
Si	≤ 0.4 (lower limit not stated)

Applicability and limitations

20Cr4 · EN 10277-2018

Original-source verification is incomplete; this is not a formal standard reference

Material category: Alloy steel
Subcategory: Alloy steel
Material form: Reference record
Verification status: Reference data; original source not verified

Carbon-equivalent reference

IIW / CEV: composition source not verified; standard-range carbon equivalent is not calculated

Pcm (Ito–Bessyo): composition source not verified; standard-range carbon equivalent is not calculated

CET: composition source not verified; standard-range carbon equivalent is not calculated

Composition

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2
Cu	≤ 0.4 (lower limit not stated)
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated)
Si	0.15 ～ 0.4

Applicability and limitations

20Cr4 · JIS G 7105-2000

Original-source verification is incomplete; this is not a formal standard reference

Material category: Alloy steel
Subcategory: Alloy steel
Material form: Reference record
Verification status: Reference data; original source not verified

Carbon-equivalent reference

IIW / CEV: composition source not verified; standard-range carbon equivalent is not calculated

Pcm (Ito–Bessyo): composition source not verified; standard-range carbon equivalent is not calculated

CET: composition source not verified; standard-range carbon equivalent is not calculated

Composition

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated)
Si	0.15 ～ 0.4

Applicability and limitations

20Cr4 · DIN EN 10277:2018-09

Original table in an informative annex verified; normative composition requirements and edition still require verification. For reference only.

Material category: Alloy steel
Subcategory: Alloy steel
Material form: Reference record
Composition basis: Heat analysis in an informative annex; for reference only
Verification status: Original table in an informative annex verified; normative composition requirements and edition still require verification
Standard edition: DIN EN 10277:2018-09
Table / clause: Informative Annex A.3
PDF page references: 45
Unit: mass fraction (wt%)
Analysis type: Heat analysis (informative reference)

Carbon-equivalent reference

Composition from an informative standard annex is for reference only. Normative composition and edition remain unverified; standard-range carbon equivalents and reverse matching are disabled.

Composition

Element	Composition requirement
C	0.17 ～ 0.23
Si	0.15 ～ 0.4
Mn	0.6 ～ 0.9
P	≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated)
Cr	0.9 ～ 1.2
Cu	≤ 0.4 (lower limit not stated)

Applicability and limitations

The original informative-annex table has been checked and is for reference only. Clause 7.1.2 requires chemical composition to be determined under the cited standard; the formal normative composition and applicable edition remain unverified. Do not use it as a delivery guarantee, a reverse-search acceptance criterion or a basis for standard-range carbon equivalent.

Composition conditions

The original informative-annex table has been checked and is for reference only. Clause 7.1.2 requires chemical composition to be determined under the cited standard; the formal normative composition and applicable edition remain unverified. Do not use it as a delivery guarantee, a reverse-search acceptance criterion or a basis for standard-range carbon equivalent.
Footnote b: A quotation is required to raise S to about 0.10% or add Pb; when S is increased, the Mn upper limit may be raised by 0.15%, but this is not automatic.
Footnote c: Reducing Si requires other deoxidation measures.
Unlisted elements shall not be intentionally added without the buyer’s consent.

Conditional requirement

Footnote
Informative boundary
Source conditions
The original informative annex table has been checked and is for reference only; Main-text 7.1.2 requires chemical composition to be determined under the referenced standards; the normative composition and applicable editions still require verification. It must not be used as a delivery guarantee, reverse-matching criterion or basis for carbon equivalent calculated from standard composition ranges. Main-text reference: EN ISO 683-3 (undated reference; applicable edition awaiting verification).
Footnote
Original-table condition 1
Source conditions
Footnote b: A quotation is required to raise S to about 0.10% or add Pb; when S is increased, the Mn upper limit may be raised by 0.15%, but this is not automatic.
Footnote
Original-table condition 2
Source conditions
Footnote c: Reducing Si requires other deoxidation measures.
Footnote
Original-table condition 3
Source conditions
Unlisted elements shall not be intentionally added without the buyer’s consent.