Q460MC

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Refer to each source for mass fractions and analysis type. Missing values are not treated as 0. Manufacturer typical values, standard guarantees and measured heat results must remain separate. Use the material selector for calculations and condition selection.

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Q460MC · GB /T 1591-2018

Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results

Material category: Alloy steel
Subcategory: Alloy steel
Material form: Reference record
Original record status: Reference data; original source not verified
Standard edition: GB/T 1591-2018
Table / clause: Table 5 · Notes a–d

Original composition-element notation and analysis basis

Al

Original element symbol: Als
Subscript in the original source: s
Additional source notes: Acid-soluble aluminum in the original table; Total aluminum Alt substitution must be verified separately according to original note ≥0.020
PDF page references: 12

When the original analysis designations differ, or a record leaves them unspecified, comparability or a match cannot be concluded directly. Subscripts not explained by the source are not expanded here.

Carbon-equivalent reference

IIW / CEV：0.0000–0.6473 Independent-element envelope of standard ranges, not measured heat results; ordering or conditional requirements remain unresolved; coupled-element constraints require separate checks, and the entire envelope is not guaranteed to be realizable CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.

Pcm（Ito–Bessyo）：0.0000–0.3387Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing B; ordering or conditional requirements remain unresolved; coupled-element constraints require separate checks; the entire envelope is not guaranteed to be realizable Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.

CET：0.0000–0.4050 Independent-element envelope of standard ranges, not measured heat results; ordering or conditional requirements remain unresolved; coupled-element constraints require separate checks, and the entire envelope is not guaranteed to be realizable CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.

Composition

Element	Composition requirement
C	≤ 0.16 (lower limit not stated)
Si	≤ 0.6 (lower limit not stated)
Mn	≤ 1.7 (lower limit not stated)
P	≤ 0.03 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.03 (lower limit not stated)
Nb	0.01 ～ 0.05
V	0.01 ～ 0.12
Ti	0.006 ～ 0.05
Cr	≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated)
Ni	≤ 0.8 (lower limit not stated)
Cu	≤ 0.4 (lower limit not stated)
Mo	≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
N	≤ 0.015 (lower limit not stated)
Als	≥ 0.015 (upper limit not stated)

Applicability and limitations

At least one of Al, Nb, V and Ti must be present; When added individually or in combination, at least one element must reach its tabulated minimum; all four elements are not required to meet the listed minima. ; For sections and bars, the P and S maxima may each be increased by 0.005%. ; Ti may reach a maximum of 0.20%. ; Total aluminum Alt may replace acid-soluble aluminum Als, with a Alt minimum of 0.020%; Where grain-refining elements such as Nb, V or Ti are added and meet the stated minima, the aluminum minimum does not apply. ; For sections and bars in Q355M, Q390M, Q420M and Q460M, the C maximum may be increased by 0.02%.

Combined limits

Grain-refining element combination options

Al: 0.015
Nb: 0.01
V: 0.01
Ti: 0.006

Conditional composition lower limit

Product-form exception

P: 0.005
S: 0.005
C: 0.02

Conditional Ti upper limit

0.2

Verification notes

Original standard checked: GB/T 1591-2018, Table 5 and note a–d; The listed grain-refining-element minima are conditional requirements