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ML45B

1 source records. Standards, editions and conditions are presented separately; matching grade names do not establish interchangeability.

Refer to each source for mass fractions and analysis type. Missing values are not treated as 0. Manufacturer typical values, standard guarantees and measured heat results must remain separate. Use the material selector for calculations and condition selection.

Open condition selection, comparison and carbon-equivalent tools for ML45B →

ML45B · GB/T 28906-2025

Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results

Material category
Alloy steel
Subcategory
Boron-containing cold-heading steel for quenching and tempering
Material form
Reference record
Original record status
Original standard verified
Standard edition
GB/T 28906-2025
Table / clause
Table 4 · Footnotes; 7.1.5–7.1.7
PDF page references
10、11

Carbon-equivalent reference

Estimates are presented separately for each applicable composition condition. Match the actual ordering conditions; ranges must not be combined.

Determine total aluminum Alt: 0.020–0.060%.
IIW / CEV:0.5300–0.6967Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, V CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm(Ito–Bessyo):0.4673–0.5758Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, V Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET:0.4900–0.5950Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.
Determine total aluminum Alt: 0.020–0.060%.; Provided hardenability and mechanical requirements are met and both parties agree, the B minimum is 0.0005%
IIW / CEV:0.5300–0.6967Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, V CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm(Ito–Bessyo):0.4658–0.5758Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, V Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET:0.4900–0.5950Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.
Determine acid-soluble aluminum Als: 0.015–0.055%.
IIW / CEV:0.5300–0.6967Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, V CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm(Ito–Bessyo):0.4673–0.5758Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, V Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET:0.4900–0.5950Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.
Determine acid-soluble aluminum Als: 0.015–0.055%.; Provided hardenability and mechanical requirements are met and both parties agree, the B minimum is 0.0005%
IIW / CEV:0.5300–0.6967Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, V CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm(Ito–Bessyo):0.4658–0.5758Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, V Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET:0.4900–0.5950Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.

Composition record (conditional branches apply; this is not an unconditional requirement)

ElementComposition requirement
C0.43 ~ 0.48
Si0.1 ~ 0.3
Mn0.6 ~ 0.9
P≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S≤ 0.02 (lower limit not stated)
Ni≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
Cu≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
Sn≤ 0.06 (lower limit not stated)
Cr≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
B0.0008 ~ 0.0035
Al0.02 ~ 0.06

Applicability and limitations

Mass percent, heat analysis, GB/T28906-2025 Table 4. ; 7.1.5 residual Cr/Ni/Cu are each ≤0.20% and Sn≤0.06%; tabulated alloy Cr is not subject to the residual maximum; 7.1.7 product-analysis tolerances follow GB/T222 and must not be directly treated as heat-analysis limits. ; The standard scope for hot-rolled cold-heading wire rod does not replace confirmation of actual supply dimensions and the component manufacturing process; Mechanical properties require separate verification. ; When measuring acid-soluble aluminum, Als0.015–0.055% is used and is retained separately from total aluminum Alt0.020–0.060%; The Al element field must be interpreted with the selected measurement condition. ; Table 4 Note a: A Si lower limit below 0.10% may be negotiated and specified in the contract; do not fill in without agreement. ; Note b: When hardenability and mechanical properties meet requirements and upon mutual agreement, the lower limit of B may be relaxed to 0.0005%; Default 0.0008%. ; Note c: The Ti/N ratio may be agreed upon, but as no uniform value is provided in the original text, it shall not be automatically set or declared as satisfied. ; Note e: Cr may be added by agreement for the first 15 grades, with the addition amount to be confirmed by both parties.

Original condition-branch records

Determine total aluminum Alt: 0.020–0.060%.

ElementComposition requirement
C0.43 ~ 0.48
Si0.1 ~ 0.3
Mn0.6 ~ 0.9
P≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S≤ 0.02 (lower limit not stated)
Ni≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
Cu≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
Sn≤ 0.06 (lower limit not stated)
Cr≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
B0.0008 ~ 0.0035
Al0.02 ~ 0.06

Determine total aluminum Alt: 0.020–0.060%.; Provided hardenability and mechanical requirements are met and both parties agree, the B minimum is 0.0005%

ElementComposition requirement
C0.43 ~ 0.48
Si0.1 ~ 0.3
Mn0.6 ~ 0.9
P≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S≤ 0.02 (lower limit not stated)
Ni≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
Cu≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
Sn≤ 0.06 (lower limit not stated)
Cr≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
B0.0005 ~ 0.0035
Al0.02 ~ 0.06

Determine acid-soluble aluminum Als: 0.015–0.055%.

ElementComposition requirement
C0.43 ~ 0.48
Si0.1 ~ 0.3
Mn0.6 ~ 0.9
P≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S≤ 0.02 (lower limit not stated)
Ni≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
Cu≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
Sn≤ 0.06 (lower limit not stated)
Cr≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
B0.0008 ~ 0.0035
Al0.015 ~ 0.055

Determine acid-soluble aluminum Als: 0.015–0.055%.; Provided hardenability and mechanical requirements are met and both parties agree, the B minimum is 0.0005%

ElementComposition requirement
C0.43 ~ 0.48
Si0.1 ~ 0.3
Mn0.6 ~ 0.9
P≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S≤ 0.02 (lower limit not stated)
Ni≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
Cu≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
Sn≤ 0.06 (lower limit not stated)
Cr≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
B0.0005 ~ 0.0035
Al0.015 ~ 0.055

A condition branch must be selected

Yes

Verification notes

Visual check of the original composition table and footnotes

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