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ML20

5 source records. Standards, editions and conditions are presented separately; matching grade names do not establish interchangeability.

Refer to each source for mass fractions and analysis type. Missing values are not treated as 0. Manufacturer typical values, standard guarantees and measured heat results must remain separate. Use the material selector for calculations and condition selection.

Open condition selection, comparison and carbon-equivalent tools for ML20 →

ML20 · GB/T 5953

Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results

Material form
Wire rod
Original record status
Reference transcription of standard
Standard edition
GB/T 6478-2015
Table / clause
Table 1

Carbon-equivalent reference

IIW / CEV:0.2300–0.3967Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, V CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm(Ito–Bessyo):0.1983–0.2933Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, V, B Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET:0.2100–0.3150Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.

Composition

ElementComposition requirement
C0.18 ~ 0.23
Si0.1 ~ 0.3
Mn0.3 ~ 0.6
P≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated)
S≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated)
Ni≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
Cr≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
Cu≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)

Applicability and limitations

Clause 6.1.1 of GB/T5953.1/.2:2009 follows the relevant standards identified in the contract; This is reference composition for the same designation under GB/T6478; the applicable standard must be confirmed by contract, and these values are not directly treated as mandatory composition under 5953. No edition is stated on the website; Displayed under this source edition; contract applicability is not established

Verification notes

Standard source: GB/T 6478-2015 · Table 1View associated products →

ML20 · GB/T 28906-2025

Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results

Material category
Carbon steel
Subcategory
Non-heat-treated cold-heading steel
Material form
Reference record
Original record status
Original standard verified
Standard edition
GB/T 28906-2025
Table / clause
Table 1 · Footnotes; 7.1.5–7.1.7
PDF page references
7、8、11

Carbon-equivalent reference

IIW / CEV:0.2300–0.3967Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, V CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm(Ito–Bessyo):0.1983–0.2933Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, V, B Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET:0.2100–0.3150Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.

Composition

ElementComposition requirement
C0.18 ~ 0.23
Si0.1 ~ 0.3
Mn0.3 ~ 0.6
P≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated)
S≤ 0.02 (lower limit not stated)
Ni≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
Cu≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
Sn≤ 0.06 (lower limit not stated)
Cr≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)

Applicability and limitations

Mass percent, heat analysis, GB/T28906-2025 Table 1. ; 7.1.5 residual Cr/Ni/Cu are each ≤0.20% and Sn≤0.06%; tabulated alloy Cr is not subject to the residual maximum; 7.1.7 product-analysis tolerances follow GB/T222 and must not be directly treated as heat-analysis limits. ; The standard scope for hot-rolled cold-heading wire rod does not replace confirmation of actual supply dimensions and the component manufacturing process; Mechanical properties require separate verification. ; Table 2, note a: the four grades in Table 1, item 8–11 also apply to case-hardening types.

Verification notes

Visual check of the original composition table and footnotes

ML20 · GB/T 28906-2012

Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results

Subcategory
Non-heat-treated cold-heading steel
Material form
Reference record
Original record status
Original standard verified
Standard edition
GB/T 28906-2012
Table / clause
Table 1; 6.1.3/6.1.5–6.1.7
PDF page references
5、7

Carbon-equivalent reference

IIW / CEV:0.2300–0.3967Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, V CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm(Ito–Bessyo):0.1983–0.2933Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, V, B Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET:0.2100–0.3150Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.

Composition

ElementComposition requirement
C0.18 ~ 0.23
Si0.1 ~ 0.3
Mn0.3 ~ 0.6
P≤ 0.03 (lower limit not stated)
S≤ 0.03 (lower limit not stated)
Ni≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
Cu≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
Cr≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)

Applicability and limitations

GB/T28906-2012, Table 1, heat analysis, mass percent. ; Alt in the table is total aluminum, with requirement ≥0.020% but no maximum; the 2025 maximum or acid-soluble-aluminum replacement conditions are not applied. ; 6.1.5 residual Cr/Ni/Cu are each ≤0.20%; Where Cr is a tabulated alloy range, the residual Cr maximum does not apply; Where Sn is unspecified in the original text, the Sn maximum from a newer edition is not inserted. ; 6.1.7 composition tolerances follow GB/T222; Heat-analysis limits are not treated as product-analysis tolerances. ; The standard scope covers hot-rolled cold-heading wire rod; supply conditions and the actual component process still require confirmation. ; Table 1 of 6.1.3, item 4–11: the eight grades also apply to case-hardening types.

Verification notes

All original table entries and related notes visually verified

ML20 · GB/T 6478-2015

Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results

Subcategory
Non-heat-treated cold-heading steel
Material form
Reference record
Original record status
Original standard verified
Standard edition
GB/T 6478-2015
Table / clause
Table 1 · Footnotes; 6.1.5–6.1.7
PDF page references
8、10

Carbon-equivalent reference

IIW / CEV:0.2300–0.3967Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, V CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm(Ito–Bessyo):0.1983–0.2933Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, V, B Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET:0.2100–0.3150Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.

Composition

ElementComposition requirement
C0.18 ~ 0.23
Si0.1 ~ 0.3
Mn0.3 ~ 0.6
P≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated)
S≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated)
Ni≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
Cu≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
Cr≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)

Applicability and limitations

GB/T6478-2015, Table 1, heat-analysis mass percentages. ; 6.1.5 residual Cr/Ni/Cu are each ≤.20%; tabulated alloy Cr is not subject to the residual Cr maximum. ; 6.1.7 product-analysis tolerances follow GB/T222 and do not widen the default heat-analysis range; Where Sn is unspecified, limits from a newer edition are not inserted. ; Specific dimensions, product condition and mechanical-property conditions require separate verification; composition alone does not establish suitability for forming a component. ; Table 2 note: the eight grades in Table 1, item 4–11 also apply to case-hardening types.

Verification notes

Visual check of all relevant ranges and footnotes in original Tables 1, 2, 4 and 5

ML20 · GB/T 6478-2001

Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results

Material form
Reference record
Original record status
Original standard verified
Standard edition
GB/T 6478-2001
Table / clause
Table 1 / 6.1.4–6.1.8
PDF page references
5、6

Carbon-equivalent reference

IIW / CEV:0.2300–0.3967Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, V CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.
Pcm(Ito–Bessyo):0.2000–0.2950Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo, V, B Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.
CET:0.2100–0.3150Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Mo CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.

Composition

ElementComposition requirement
C0.18 ~ 0.23
Si0.15 ~ 0.35
Mn0.3 ~ 0.6
P≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated)
S≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated)
Ni≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
Cu≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)
Cr≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated)

Applicability and limitations

GB/T6478-2001, Table 1, heat analysis wt%; 6.1.4 residual Cr/Ni/Cu are each ≤.20%; alloy Cr ranges are not subject to the residual maximum. ; 6.1.8 product-analysis tolerances require separate verification under GB/T222-1984, Table 2, and do not widen the default heat-analysis range. ; Actual 2001 edition; Composition from editions 2015 or 2025 is not substituted for this edition; specific dimensions and delivery mechanical properties require separate verification.

Verification notes

Visual check of four composition tables and clauses on pages 5 and 6 of the original PDF
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