C-CH1

1 source records. Standards, editions and conditions are presented separately; matching grade names do not establish interchangeability.

Refer to each source for mass fractions and analysis type. Missing values are not treated as 0. Manufacturer typical values, standard guarantees and measured heat results must remain separate. Use the material selector for calculations and condition selection.

Open condition selection, comparison and carbon-equivalent tools for C-CH1 →

C-CH1 · CHINA STEEL CORPORATION · Bars and Wire Rods Product Catalogue 2014-C1 / 7.1.1 Steels for cold heading / cold forging

Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results

Material category: Cold-heading steel
Subcategory: Cold-heading steel
Material form: Bars and wire rod
Original record status: Manufacturer source verified
Document edition: CAT.NO.3-BD-01-2014-C1 (stated on the back cover)
Document title: Bars and Wire Rods Product Catalogue
Table / clause: 7.1.1 Steels for cold heading / cold forging
PDF page references: 13
Unit: Mass fraction (%)
Analysis type: The original catalogue does not explicitly identify the analysis type for this table
Manufacturer: CHINA STEEL CORPORATION

Carbon-equivalent reference

Estimate from manufacturer-published ranges, not a standard guarantee or measured heat result; formula applicability requires review against the application and process.

IIW / CEV：0.0000–0.0733 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Cr, Mo, V, Ni, Cu CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15; an engineering estimate of welding cold-cracking susceptibility for carbon and low-alloy steels.

Pcm（Ito–Bessyo）：0.0000–0.0325Known-element contribution; incomplete value; missing Si, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mo, V, B Pcm = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B; mainly used for low-carbon low-alloy steels, particularly modern low-carbon pipeline steels; more relevant when C is approximately no higher than 0.11%.

CET：0.0000–0.0500 Known-item contribution, not a complete value; missing Mo, Cr, Cu, Ni CET = C + (Mn + Mo)/10 + (Cr + Cu)/20 + Ni/40; used in welding preheat assessment for ferritic steels, subject to the applicability conditions of EN 1011-2.

Composition

Element	Composition requirement
C	≤ 0.015 (lower limit not stated)
Mn	≤ 0.35 (lower limit not stated)
P	≤ 0.03 (lower limit not stated)
S	≤ 0.03 (lower limit not stated)

Applicability and limitations

China Steel bar and wire-rod catalogue CAT.NO.3-BD-01-2014-C1, PDF page 13

printed page 11, 7.1.1 China Steel steels for cold heading

cold forging. The original catalogue does not explicitly identify the analysis type for this table. Historical manufacturer range data, not guaranteed standard limits or heat-specific measurements; this does not establish supply by Creation Group.

Composition conditions

Historical manufacturer 2014-C1 catalogue, bars/wire rod; Where the referenced standard edition is not identified, a year is not borrowed from another catalogue; a catalogue is not upgraded to the official standard text.
A dash or blank must not be treated as zero. Composition data do not establish completeness or applicability of a formula; mechanical properties and supply require separate verification.

Verification notes

Merged cells in all 28 catalogue tables were reconstructed geometrically, with no missing cells. Original images, continuation pages and notes are recorded; disputed conditions are withheld.