45
15 source records. Standards, editions and conditions are presented separately; matching grade names do not establish interchangeability.
Refer to each source for mass fractions and analysis type. Missing values are not treated as 0. Manufacturer typical values, standard guarantees and measured heat results must remain separate. Use the material selector for calculations and condition selection.
Open condition selection, comparison and carbon-equivalent tools for 45 →45 · GB/T 699-1999
Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results
- Material category
- Carbon steel
- Subcategory
- Carbon steel
- Material form
- Quality carbon structural steel (source classification)
- Original record status
- Original standard verified
- Standard edition
- GB/T 699-1999
- Table / clause
- Main-text Table 1, row 12, Table 2 and Clause 6.1.1
- PDF page references
- 5、6
- Unit
- Mass fraction (%)
- Analysis type
- Ladle analysis
Carbon-equivalent reference
Composition
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.5 |
| Si | 0.17 ～ 0.37 |
| Mn | 0.5 ～ 0.8 |
| Cr | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| Ni | ≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated) |
| Cu | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| P | ≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | ≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated) |
Applicability and limitations
Edition 1999, main-text Table 1, row 12, unified numerical designation U20452. This record uses the default quality-steel class; heat analysis, mass fraction %. Table 2: for quality steel, P and S are each ≤0.035%; for higher-quality class A, each is ≤0.030%; for special-quality class E, the requirements are P≤0.025% and S≤0.020%. Do not apply A/E limits to the default class. 6.1.1.2—3: scrap-based steelmaking may permit Cu≤0.30%; steel for hot pressure working requires Cu≤0.20%. This record retains the default Cu≤0.25% in Table 1; specific conditions require separate confirmation. 6.1.1.4: Mn/Cr/Ni/Cu for lead-patented steel wire 35—85 has a separate restriction and does not apply to this default structural-steel record. Mechanical properties in Table 3 and 6.4 depend on specimens, dimensions, heat treatment and order requirements. Existing reference properties are not upgraded to universal guarantees by this composition review.
Verification notes
1999 original Tables 1/2 and clause 6.1.1 checked line by line.45 · GB/T 699-2015
Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results
- Material category
- Carbon steel
- Subcategory
- Quality carbon structural steel
- Material form
- Reference record
- Original record status
- Original standard verified
- Standard edition
- GB/T 699-2015
- Table / clause
- Table 1 and notes a and b; clauses 6.1.2 and 6.1.3
Carbon-equivalent reference
Composition
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.5 |
| Si | 0.17 ～ 0.37 |
| Mn | 0.5 ～ 0.8 |
| P | ≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | ≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated) |
| Cr | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| Ni | ≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated) |
| Cu | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
Applicability and limitations
Table 1 of GB/T699-2015 gives heat-analysis mass fractions wt%; Product-analysis tolerances are listed separately under GB/T222. ; Table 1, note a: Cu≤0.20% for steel intended for hot pressure working; other tabulated cases are ≤0.25%. ; 6.1.2: N≤0.008% applies to basic oxygen steelmaking; analysis may be omitted if the supplier guarantees compliance; Applicability depends on the steelmaking method. ; 6.1.3: for lead-bath-patented wire, Mn0.30–0.60% for 35–85 and Mn0.70–1.00% for 65Mn/70Mn, Cr≤0.10/Ni≤0.15/Cu≤0.20%; P/S follows the corresponding wire standard and must not exceed Table 1. This is a conditional exception, not a general range. ; Elements not specified in the table must not be intentionally added without purchaser consent.
Verification notes
Table 1 and applicable clauses verified45 · GB/T 3078-2019
Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results
- Material category
- Carbon steel
- Subcategory
- Quality carbon structural steel
- Material form
- Cold-drawn bars
- Original record status
- Original standard verified
- Standard edition
- GB/T 3078-2019
Carbon-equivalent reference
Composition
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.5 |
| Si | 0.17 ～ 0.37 |
| Mn | 0.5 ～ 0.8 |
| P | ≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | ≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated) |
| Cr | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| Ni | ≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated) |
| Cu | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
Applicability and limitations
GB/T3078-2019, Clause 7.1.1: Quality carbon structural steel refers to GB/T699; alloy structural steel refers to GB/T3077.; The source of chemical composition must simultaneously display the referenced standard. ; Applies to cold-drawn steel bars and cold-drawn polished round bars.; Apply product-analysis tolerances under GB/T222 separately; do not incorporate them directly into heat-analysis ranges.. ; GB/T699-2015 Table 1: Cu≤0.20% for steel intended for hot working; this must not be mixed with the ordinary Cu≤0.25% limit.. ; For steel smelted by basic oxygen furnace, N≤0.008%; smelting method conditions must be specified. ; For grades 35–85 and 65Mn/70Mn used for lead-bath-patented wire, Mn, Cr, Ni and Cu are subject to the separate limits in Clause 6.1.3.; This record is for 3078 cold-drawn bar products, and does not automatically apply wire special cases.
Verification notes
The cited clauses in 3078 and the original texts of the referenced standards have been checked.Hardness in the delivery condition (conditions shown separately)
GB/T 3078-2019 · Table 2 hardness in delivery condition and Note a; 7.3/7.4 · PDF pages 6, 7 · HBW
Standard condition data, not actual measured results of supplied heats; Actual delivery condition, application, and contract must be confirmed.
- Clause 7.3.1: The specific delivery condition shall be stated in the contract; if it is not specified, delivery shall be in the cold-drawn condition.
- 7.4.1 Hardness for delivery in the normalized condition shall be agreed by both parties; the two general-use columns in Table 2 do not apply to the normalized condition.
- Values in parentheses are for reference and are not acceptance criteria.
- 7.4.2 Hot-pressure-working applications are subject to separate limits; do not automatically apply the general condition in Table 2.
- 7.4.2 For hot-pressure working, supplied in the cold-drawn condition: 50Mn2, 35CrMnSi, 42CrMo and 35CrMoV per Table 2; 38CrSi and 38CrMoAl ≤285 HBW; other grades ≤269 HBW. Confirm the actual use; the ordinary Table 2 condition cannot replace this condition.
- 7.4.3 No hardness test is performed when the nominal cross-sectional dimension (diameter, thickness or diagonal length) is below 5 mm. At the purchaser’s request, stated in the contract, tensile strength may be used instead of hardness; the specific requirements shall be agreed by both parties. This clause provides no automatic conversion relationship.
Cold-drawn or cold-drawn and bright-polished delivery; Table 2 conditions are for general use. For hot-pressure-working applications, check clause 7.4.2 separately.
HBW：≤ 255 (lower limit not stated) HBW
Delivery in the annealed, bright-annealed, high-temperature-tempered or tempered-after-normalizing condition; delivery as-normalized is excluded and shall be agreed by both parties under 7.4.1.
HBW：≤ 229 (lower limit not stated) HBW
45 · Q/BQB 517-2023
Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results
- Material category
- Carbon steel
- Subcategory
- Cold-heading steel
- Material form
- Hot-rolled steel wire rod for cold heading
- Original record status
- Original standard verified
- Standard edition
- Q/BQB 517—2023
- Table / clause
- 6.1.1/Table 1, row 49, note a
- PDF page references
- 10
- Unit
- Mass fraction (wt%)
- Analysis type
- Heat analysis
Carbon-equivalent reference
Composition
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.5 |
| Si | 0.17 ～ 0.37 |
| Mn | 0.5 ～ 0.8 |
| P | ≤ 0.02 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | ≤ 0.02 (lower limit not stated) |
| Cr | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| Ni | ≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated) |
| Cu | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| Mo | ≤ 0.06 (lower limit not stated) |
Applicability and limitations
Q/BQB 517—2023, official original on the Baosteel website, Table 1, row 49; cast-analysis mass fraction wt%. Table footnote a: residual Cr≤0.20, Ni≤0.20, Cu≤0.20, Mo≤0.06 wt%; where this row specifies otherwise, its requirement for that element takes precedence. Unlisted elements and special agreement requirements must not be treated as zero or assumed guarantees; permitted product-analysis deviations are governed separately by GB/T 222. Wire rod is delivered hot rolled; stricter P/S under Z1 and special surface or inclusion quality must be confirmed under normative Annex A and the contractual ordering codes. Fixed mechanical properties must not be inferred from the chemistry table.
Verification notes
All 104 rows of Table 1 and 34 rows of Table 2 in the original Q/BQB517:2023 from Baosteel’s official website were checked row by row; not mixed with older editions.View associated products →45 · BEXG 021-2020
Chemical composition source verified; this does not verify every standard clause, actual supply or measured heat results
- Material category
- Cold-heading steel
- Subcategory
- Cold-heading steel
- Material form
- Wire rod
- Original record status
- Manufacturer source verified
- Document edition
- BEXG 021-2020, sixteenth revision stated on the cover; issued and effective on 2020-12-29; The latest original document available on this computer only
- Document title
- Technical delivery conditions for cold-heading steel wire rod for automotive parts
- Table / clause
- Table 1
- PDF page references
- 5
- Unit
- Mass fraction (wt%)
- Manufacturer
- Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. (Baosteel)
Carbon-equivalent reference
Estimate from manufacturer-published ranges, not a standard guarantee or measured heat result; formula applicability requires review against the application and process.
Composition
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.5 |
| Si | 0.17 ～ 0.37 |
| Mn | 0.5 ～ 0.8 |
| P | ≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | ≤ 0.025 (lower limit not stated) |
| Cr | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| Cu | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| Ni | ≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated) |
| Mo | ≤ 0.06 (lower limit not stated) |
Applicability and limitations
Baosteel BEXG 021-2020, Table 1, row 25, PDF page 5; heat-analysis composition in wt%, hot-rolled wire rod. 2020 is the original edition available locally, with no claim that it is the company’s current latest edition. Special conditions and actual supply require separate confirmation.
Composition conditions
- Table 1 and its continuation give heat composition, in mass fractions wt%; The product is hot-rolled wire rod for automotive parts.
- Unless expressly stated otherwise, residual Cr≤0.20%, Ni≤0.20%, Cu≤0.20% and Mo≤0.06% apply; Specific requirements in the table and additional notes take precedence.
- A dash does not mean zero; Composition outside the table is not inferred from grade names or referenced standards.
Verification notes
Table 1 original images checked page by page, physical pages 3–10; continuation values and other columns kept separate; two disputed rows excluded.Source footnotes
Cu≤0.25，Ni≤0.30View associated products →45 · GB /T 13237-2013
Original-source verification is incomplete; this is not a formal standard reference
- Material category
- Carbon steel
- Subcategory
- Carbon steel
- Material form
- Reference record
- Verification status
- Reference data; original source not verified
Carbon-equivalent reference
Composition
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.5 |
| Cr | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| Cu | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| Mn | 0.5 ～ 0.8 |
| Ni | ≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated) |
| P | ≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | ≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated) |
| Si | 0.17 ～ 0.37 |
Applicability and limitations
A match in the materials database does not establish suitability for cold heading or guarantee finished-product strength. Confirmation must consider wire condition, deformation, heat treatment and tests on actual parts.
45 · GB /T 17107-1997
Original-source verification is incomplete; this is not a formal standard reference
- Material category
- Carbon steel
- Subcategory
- Carbon steel
- Material form
- Reference record
- Verification status
- Reference data; original source not verified
Carbon-equivalent reference
Composition
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.5 |
| Cr | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| Cu | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| Mn | 0.5 ～ 0.8 |
| Ni | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| P | ≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | ≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated) |
| Si | 0.17 ～ 0.37 |
Applicability and limitations
A match in the materials database does not establish suitability for cold heading or guarantee finished-product strength. Confirmation must consider wire condition, deformation, heat treatment and tests on actual parts.
45 · GB /T 41157.2-2022
Original-source verification is incomplete; this is not a formal standard reference
- Material category
- Carbon steel
- Subcategory
- Carbon steel
- Material form
- Reference record
- Verification status
- Reference data; original source not verified
Carbon-equivalent reference
Composition
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | ≤ 0.5 (lower limit not stated) |
| Cr | ≤ 0.4 (lower limit not stated) |
| Mn | ≤ 0.8 (lower limit not stated) |
| Mo | ≤ 0.1 (lower limit not stated) |
| Ni | ≤ 0.4 (lower limit not stated) |
| P | 0.5 ～ 0.5 |
| S | ≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated) |
| Si | 0.42 ～ 0.42 |
Applicability and limitations
A match in the materials database does not establish suitability for cold heading or guarantee finished-product strength. Confirmation must consider wire condition, deformation, heat treatment and tests on actual parts.
45 · GB /T 710-2008
Original-source verification is incomplete; this is not a formal standard reference
- Material category
- Carbon steel
- Subcategory
- Carbon steel
- Material form
- Reference record
- Verification status
- Reference data; original source not verified
Carbon-equivalent reference
Composition
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.5 |
| Cr | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| Cu | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| Mn | 0.5 ～ 0.8 |
| Ni | ≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated) |
| P | ≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | ≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated) |
| Si | 0.17 ～ 0.37 |
Applicability and limitations
A match in the materials database does not establish suitability for cold heading or guarantee finished-product strength. Confirmation must consider wire condition, deformation, heat treatment and tests on actual parts.
45 · GB /T 711-2017
Original-source verification is incomplete; this is not a formal standard reference
- Material category
- Carbon steel
- Subcategory
- Carbon steel
- Material form
- Reference record
- Verification status
- Reference data; original source not verified
Carbon-equivalent reference
Composition
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.5 |
| Cr | ≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated) |
| Cu | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| Mn | 0.5 ～ 0.8 |
| Ni | ≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated) |
| P | ≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | ≤ 0.03 (lower limit not stated) |
| Si | 0.17 ～ 0.37 |
Applicability and limitations
A match in the materials database does not establish suitability for cold heading or guarantee finished-product strength. Confirmation must consider wire condition, deformation, heat treatment and tests on actual parts.
45 · GOST 1050-1988
Original-source verification is incomplete; this is not a formal standard reference
- Material category
- Carbon steel
- Subcategory
- Carbon steel
- Material form
- Reference record
- Verification status
- Reference data; original source not verified
Carbon-equivalent reference
Composition
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| As | ≤ 0.08 (lower limit not stated) |
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.5 |
| Cr | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| Cu | ≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated) |
| Mn | 0.5 ～ 0.8 |
| Ni | ≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated) |
| P | ≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | ≤ 0.04 (lower limit not stated) |
| Si | 0.17 ～ 0.37 |
Applicability and limitations
A match in the materials database does not establish suitability for cold heading or guarantee finished-product strength. Confirmation must consider wire condition, deformation, heat treatment and tests on actual parts.
45 · DL /T 439-2018
Original-source verification is incomplete; this is not a formal standard reference
- Material category
- Carbon steel
- Subcategory
- Carbon steel
- Material form
- Reference record
- Verification status
- Reference data; original source not verified
Carbon-equivalent reference
Composition
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.5 |
| Cr | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| Mn | 0.5 ～ 0.8 |
| Ni | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| P | ≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | ≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated) |
| Si | 0.17 ～ 0.37 |
Applicability and limitations
A match in the materials database does not establish suitability for cold heading or guarantee finished-product strength. Confirmation must consider wire condition, deformation, heat treatment and tests on actual parts.
45 · JB /T 6908-2020
Original-source verification is incomplete; this is not a formal standard reference
- Material category
- Carbon steel
- Subcategory
- Carbon steel
- Material form
- Reference record
- Verification status
- Reference data; original source not verified
Carbon-equivalent reference
Composition
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.5 |
| Cr | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| Cu | ≤ 0.25 (lower limit not stated) |
| Mn | 0.5 ～ 0.8 |
| Ni | ≤ 0.3 (lower limit not stated) |
| P | ≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | ≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated) |
| Si | 0.17 ～ 0.37 |
Applicability and limitations
A match in the materials database does not establish suitability for cold heading or guarantee finished-product strength. Confirmation must consider wire condition, deformation, heat treatment and tests on actual parts.
45 · JB 7026-2018
Original-source verification is incomplete; this is not a formal standard reference
- Material category
- Alloy steel
- Subcategory
- Alloy steel
- Material form
- Reference record
- Verification status
- Reference data; original source not verified
Carbon-equivalent reference
Composition
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.5 |
| Cu | ≤ 0.2 (lower limit not stated) |
| Mn | 0.5 ～ 0.8 |
| P | ≤ 0.02 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | ≤ 0.02 (lower limit not stated) |
Applicability and limitations
A match in the materials database does not establish suitability for cold heading or guarantee finished-product strength. Confirmation must consider wire condition, deformation, heat treatment and tests on actual parts.
45 · NB /T 20008.12-2010
Original-source verification is incomplete; this is not a formal standard reference
- Material category
- Carbon steel
- Subcategory
- Carbon steel
- Material form
- Reference record
- Verification status
- Reference data; original source not verified
Carbon-equivalent reference
Composition
| Element | Composition requirement |
|---|---|
| C | 0.42 ～ 0.5 |
| Cr | ≤ 0.4 (lower limit not stated) |
| Mn | 0.5 ～ 0.8 |
| Mo | ≤ 0.1 (lower limit not stated) |
| Ni | ≤ 0.4 (lower limit not stated) |
| P | ≤ 0.03 (lower limit not stated) |
| S | ≤ 0.035 (lower limit not stated) |
| Si | ≤ 0.4 (lower limit not stated) |
Applicability and limitations
A match in the materials database does not establish suitability for cold heading or guarantee finished-product strength. Confirmation must consider wire condition, deformation, heat treatment and tests on actual parts.